Nex-G Innovations

A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC) is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits. Smart cards are made of plastic, generally polyvinyl chloride, but sometimes polyethylene terephthalate based polyesters, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or polycarbonate. Since April 2009, a Japanese company has manufactured reusable financial smart cards made from paper.
Smart cards can be either contact or contactless smart card. Smart cards can provide personal identification, authentication, data storage, and application processing. Smart cards may provide strong security authentication for single sign-on (SSO) within large organizations.

Code: NES_SK_22492

Duration: 40 Hrs / 4 Weeks / Customized

Mode: Online / Offline / Onsite

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• The history of smart cards
• Card types and applications
• Memory cards
• Processor cards
• Contactless cards
• Standardization

Card Types

• Embossed cards
• Magnetic-stripe cards
• Smart cards
• Memory cards
• Contactless memory cards
• Processor cards
• Contactless processor cards
• Multi-megabyte cards
• Security tokens
• Optical memory cards

Physical Properties

• Card formats
• Contact field
• Card body
• Card materials
• Card components and security features
• Guilloche patterns
• Signature panel
• Microtext
• Ultraviolet text
• Barcode
• Hologram
• Kinegram
• Multiple Laser Image (MLI)
• Embossing
• Laser engraving
• Scratch field
• Thermochrome display
• Moduliertes Merkmal (modulated feature) method
• Security features
• Chip modules
• Electrical connections between the chip and the module
• TAB modules
• Chip-on-flex modules
• Lead-frame modules
• Special module

Electrical Properties

• Electrical connections
• Supply voltage
• Supply current
• Clock supply
• Data transmission with T = 0 or T =1
• Activation and deactivation sequences

Smart Card Microcontrollers

• Semiconductor technology
• Processor types
• Memory types
• ROM (read-only memory)
• EPROM (erasable read-only memory)
• EEPROM (electrically erasable read-only memory)
• Flash memory
• RAM (random-access memory)
• FRAM (ferroelectric random-access memory)
• Supplementary hardware
• Communication with T = 0 or T =1
• Communication with USB
• Communication with MMC
• Communication with SWP
• Communication with I2C
• Timer
• CRC (cyclic redundancy check) calculation unit
• Random number generator (RNG)
• Clock generation and clock multiplication
• DMA (direct memory access)
• Memory management unit (MMU)
• Java accelerator
• Coprocessor for symmetric cryptographic algorithms
• Coprocessor for asymmetric cryptographic algorithms
• Error detection and correction for nonvolatile memory
• Mass memory interface
• Multichip module
• Vertical system integration (VSI)
• Extended temperature range

Information Technology Foundations

• Data structures
• Encoding alphanumeric data
• Seven-bit code (ASCII)
• Eight-bit code (PC ASCII)
• Sixteen-bit code (Unicode)
• Thirty-two-bit code (UCS)
• SDL notation
• State machines
• Basic theory of state machines
• Practical applications
• Error detection and correction codes
• XOR checksums
• CRC checksums
• Reed–Solomon codes
• Error correction codes
• Data compression

Security Foundations

• Cryptology
• Symmetric cryptographic algorithms
• DES algorithm
• AES algorithm
• IDEA algorithm
• COMP128 algorithms
• Milenage algorithm
• Operating modes of block encryption algorithms
• Multiple encryption
• Asymmetric cryptographic algorithms
• RSA algorithm
• Generating RSA keys
• DSS algorithm
• Elliptic curves as asymmetric cryptographic algorithms
• Padding
• Message authentication code and cryptographic checksum
• Hash functions
• Random numbers
• Generating random numbers
• Testing random numbers
• Authentication
• Unilateral symmetric authentication
• Mutual symmetric authentication
• Static asymmetric authentication
• Dynamic asymmetric authentication
• Digital signatures
• Certificates
• Key management
• Derived keys
• Key diversification
• Key versions
• Dynamic keys
• Generation with a symmetric cryptographic algorithm
• Generation with an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm
• Key data
• Key management example
• Identification of persons
• Knowledge-based identification
• Testing a secret number
• The probability of guessing a PIN
• Generating PIN codes
• Verifying that a terminal is genuine

Communication with Smart Cards

• Answer to reset (ATR)
• The initial character
• The format character
• The interface characters
• Global interface character TA1
• Global interface character TAi
• Global interface character TC1
• Specific interface character TC2
• Specific interface character TAi (i > 2)
• Specific interface character TBi (i > 2)
• Specific interface character TCi (i > 2)
• Global interface character TA2
• The historical characters
• The check character
• Practical examples of ATRs
• Protocol Parameter Selection (PPS)
• Message structure: APDUS
• Command APDU structure
• Response APDU structure
• Secure Data Transmission
• Data objects for plaintext
• Data objects for security mechanisms
• Data objects for auxiliary functions
• The authentic mode procedure
• The combined mode procedure
• Send sequence counter
• Logical channels
• Logical protocols
• TCP/IP protocol
• HTTP protocol
• Bearer Independent Protocol (BIP)
• Connecting terminals to higher-level systems
• PC/SC
• ICC-aware application
• Service provider
• ICC resource manager
• IFD handler
• IFD (interface device)
• ICC (integrated chip card)
• OCF
• MKT
• MUSCLE

Data Transmission with Contact Cards

• Physical transmission layer
• Memory card protocols
• Telephone chip protocol
• Resetting the address pointer
• Incrementing the address pointer and reading data
• Writing to an address
• Erasing bytes
• I2C bus
• Reading from an address
• Writing to an address
• ISO transmission protocols
• The T = 0 transmission protocol
• The T = 1 transmission protocol
• Block structure
• Send/receive sequence counter
• Waiting times
• Transmission protocol mechanisms
• Example of data transmission with the T = 1 protocol
• Comparison of the T = 0 and T = 1 transmission protocols
• The T = 14 transmission protocol (Germany)
• USB transmission protocol
• Electrical connection
• Logical connection
• Transfer modes
• Data packets
• Device classes
• Summary and prospects
• MMC transmission protocol
• Single-wire protocol (SWP)

Contactless Data Transmission

• Inductive coupling
• Power transmission
• Data transmission
• Capacitive coupling
• Collision avoidance
• State of standardization
• Close-coupling cards (ISO/IEC 10536)
• Power transmission
• Inductive data transmission
• Transmission from the card to the terminal
• Transmission from the terminal to the card
• Capacitive data transmission
• Remote coupling cards
• Proximity cards (ISO/IEC 14443)
• Physical properties
• Power transmission and signal interface
• Signal and communication interface
• Type A communication interface
• Type B communication interface
• Data transmission from the terminal to the card
• Data transmission from the card to the terminal
• Initialization and anticollision (ISO/IEC 14443-3)
• Type A initialization and anticollision
• Type B initialization and anticollision
• Transmission protocol (ISO/IEC 14433–4)
• Protocol activation with Type A cards
• Half-duplex block protocol (ISO/IEC 14433–4)
• Deactivating a card
• Error handling
• Vicinity integrated circuit cards (ISO/IEC 15693)
• Near field communication (NFC)
• State of standardization
• NFC protocol
• NFC applications
• Rapid access to information regarding services
• Peer-to-peer information exchange
• Mobile payment
• Secure NFC
• FeliCa
• Mifare

Smart Card Commands

• File selection commands
• Read and write commands
• Search commands
• File operation commands
• Commands for authenticating persons
• Commands for authenticating devices
• Commands for cryptographic algorithms
• File management commands
• Application management commands
• Completion commands
• Commands for hardware testing
• Commands for data transmission
• Database commands (SCQL)
• Commands for electronic purses
• Commands for credit and debit cards
• Application-specific commands
• Command processing times
• Processing time estimation
• Command processing
• Proportionality factor for predefined functions
• NVM operations
• Data transfer
• Calculated example: READ BINARY command
• Calculated example: smart card initialization
• Processing times of typical smart card commands
• Typical command processing times

Smart Card File Management

• File structure
• The life cycle of files
• File types
• Master file (MF)
• Dedicated file (DF)
• Application dedicated file (ADF)
• Elementary file (EF)
• Working EF (WEF)
• Internal EF (IEF)
• Application files
• File names
• File identifier (FID)
• Short file identifier (SFI)
• DF name
• Application identifier (AID) structure and coding
• File selection
• Selecting directories (MF and DF)
• Explicit EF selection
• Implicit EF selection
• Selection using a path name
• EF file structures
• Transparent file structure
• Linear fixed file structure
• Linear variable file structure
• Cyclic file structure
• Data objects file structure
• Database file structure
• Execute structure
• Sequence control file structure
• File access conditions
• File attributes
• WORM attribute
• High update activity attribute
• EDC utilization attribute
• Atomic write access attribute
• Concurrent access attribute
• Data transfer selection attribute
• File encryption attribute

Smart Card Operating Systems

• Evolution of smart card operating systems
• Fundamental aspects and tasks
• Command processing
• Design and implementation principles
• Operating system completion
• Operating system boot loader
• Hardware recognition
• Soft and hard masks
• Operating system APIs
• Memory organization and memory management
• RAM memory management
• EEPROM memory management
• Flash memory management
• File management
• Pointer-based file management
• File management with a file allocation table (FAT)
• Memory partitioning into pages
• DF separation
• Free memory management mechanisms
• Quota mechanism
• Data integrity
• Cross-application access
• equence control
• ISO/IEC 7816-9 resource access
• Atomic operations
• Multitasking
• Performance
• Application management with global platform
• Security domains
• Issuer security domain
• Global platform API
• Global platform commands
• Downloadable program code
• Executable native code
• Open platforms
• ISO/IEC 7816 compatible platforms
• Java card
• The Java programming language
• The properties of Java
• Java virtual machine (JVM)
• Java card virtual machine (JCVM)
• Memory sizes in Java cards
• Performance in Java cards
• Java card runtime environment
• Application partitioning (firewalls)
• Command dispatching and application selection (dispatcher)
• Transaction integrity (atomic operations)
• Persistent and transient objects
• Java Card application programming interface
• Software development for Java in smart cards
• Execution speed
• File system
• Cryptography and export restrictions
• Future generations of Java cards
• Summary and future prospects
• Multos
• BasicCard
• Linux
• The small-OS smart card operating system
• Programming in pseudocode
• Design aspects
• File access
• Access to internal secrets (PINs and keys)
• Small-OS constants
• Small-OS variables
• Small-OS RAM variables
• Small-OS EEPROM variables
• Main loop and initialization
• I/O manager
• File manager
• Return code manager
• Operating system kernel
• Command interpreter
• Structure of program code for commands
• Command set
• SELECT command
• READ BINARY command
• UPDATE BINARY command
• READ RECORD command
• UPDATE RECORD command
• VERIFY command
• INTERNAL AUTHENTICATE command
• A simple application example

Smart Card Practical

• Build Environment for Java Smart Card Programming
• Applications of GP API
• Smart Card Java-based programming
• Applets Creation for Smart Card
• CAP File generation From Applets for Card manager
• APDU Scripting For APDU Commands
• Deployment of CAP File over Smart Card using ON-card Loader