Nex-G Innovations

The objective of the BT & BLE Protocol Stack Training is to provide participants with an in-depth understanding of Bluetooth Classic and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol stacks. The course covers their architecture, key protocol layers, and real-world applications.

By the end of the training, participants will be equipped with the knowledge and skills to design, analyze, and optimize Bluetooth communication systems for various use cases.

Training Code: NES_SK_3099

Duration: 160 Hrs/ 16 Weeks / Customized

Mode: Corporate (Instructor Led - Online / Offline / Onsite), Individual (Instructor Led - Online / Offline)

+91-8826900551

Overview of Bluetooth

• What is Bluetooth technology?
• What is Bluetooth smart?
• Bluetooth for phones, tablets, PCs, TVs, set-top boxes and game consoles
• Why Bluetooth?
• Applications for Bluetooth
• Bluetooth applications
• Bluetooth services
• How Bluetooth works
• Accessing resources via Bluetooth
• Bluetooth Core Specification
• Spectrum
• Interference
• Class of radio
• Power and range
• Configuring Bluetooth devices
• Installing Bluetooth
• Device discovery and Service discovery
• Bluetooth standards
• The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)
• IEEE Standards
• Conformance and compatibility testing



Bluetooth Networking Architecture

• Bluetooth Networks
• Device Addressing
• Masters and Slaves
• Piconets and Scatternets
• Addressing and selectivity
• Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum



Bluetooth Operations

• Inquiry and Paging
• Device Discoverability
• Device Connectability
• Security
• Link Keys
• Authentication
• Where Do Link Keys Come From?
• Legacy Pairing
• Vulnerabilities Of Legacy Pairing
• Secure Simple Pairing
• Diffie Helman Elliptic Curve algorithm



Bluetooth Implementations

• Bluetooth hardware and software
• Bluetooth hardware design
• RX and TX
• Power consumption
• Bluetooth software
• The Bluetooth API
• Bluetooth Performance



The Bluetooth Protocols

• Frequency band and RF channels
• Bluetooth frequency hopping
• The Bluetooth APIs
• The Bluetooth Radio layer
• The Baseband layer
• Bluetooth addressing Master/Slave transmission
• The Packet format
• SCO links and ACL links
• Data rates
• Device addressing
• Controller states
• Access procedures
• Error control

• Controller stack

1. Asynchronous Connection-oriented [logical transport] (ACL)
2. Synchronous connection-oriented (SCO) link
3. Link management protocol (LMP)
4. Host/controller interface (HCI)
5. Low Energy Link Layer (LE LL)

• Host stack

1. Logical link control and adaptation protocol (L2CAP)
2. Bluetooth network encapsulation protocol (BNEP)
3. Radio frequency communication (RFCOMM)
4. Service discovery protocol (SDP)
5. Telephony control protocol (TCP)
6. Audio/video control transport protocol (AVCTP)
7. Audio/video data transport protocol (AVDTP)
8. Object exchange (OBEX)
9. Low Energy Attribute Protocol (ATT)
10. Low Energy Security Manager Protocol (SMP)Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH)

• Data Links

1. ACL links
2. Enhanced Data Rate (EDR)
3. Audio Links
4. SCO (Synchronous Connection Oriented) links
5. eSCO (Extended SCO) links
6. Audio Over ACL
7. The Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP)
8. Bluetooth Security
9. Authentication
10. Encryption



Bluetooth Architecture

• Core system architecture
• Core architectural blocks
• Channel manager
• LCAP resource manager
• Device manager
• Link manager (LM)
• BB resource manager
• Link controller
• Radio frequency (RF)
• Data transport architecture
• Core traffic bearers
• Transport architecture entities
• Generic packet structure
• Physical channels
• Physical links
• Logical links and logical transports
• LCAP channels
• Communication topology
• Piconet topology
• Operational procedures and modes



Bluetooth Profiles

• Profile Specification
• Profile Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS)
• Profile Test Specification
• Profile Tuning Suite (PTS)
• The Headset Profiles
• HandsFree Profile (HFP)
• Headset Profile (HSP)
• Human Interface Device Profile (HID)
• Music Profiles
• Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP)
• Miscellaneous Profiles
• SerialPortProfile (SPP)
• SIM Access Profile
• Phone Book Access Profile (PBAP)



Bluetooth Physical layer (PHY)

• Regional authorities
• Frequency bands and channel arrangement
• Transmitter characteristics
• Modulation characteristics
• Spurious emissions
• Receiver characteristics
• Actual sensitivity level
• Interference performance
• Out-of-band blocking
• Intermodulation characteristics
• Maximum usable level
• Receiver signal strength indicator
• Reference signal definition
• Nominal test conditions
• Nominal temperature
• Nominal power source
• Extreme test conditions
• Extreme temperatures
• Extreme power source voltages
• Test condition parameters



Bluetooth Physical Channels

• Physical channel definition
• Basic piconet physical channel
• Adapted piconet physical channel
• Page scan physical channel
• Inquiry scan physical channel
• Hop selection



Physical links

• Link supervision
• Logical transports
• Logical transport address (LT_ADDR)
• Synchronous logical transports
• Asynchronous logical transport
• Transmit/receive routines
• Active slave broadcast (ASB) transport
• Parked slave broadcast (PSB) transport
• Logical links
• Link control (LC) logical link
• ACL control (ACL-C) logical link
• Asynchronous/Isochronous user (ACL-U) logical link
• Stream logical link
• Logical link priorities



Link Manager Protocol (LMP)

• General rules
• Message transport
• Synchronization
• Packet format
• Transactions
• Error handling
• Procedure rules
• General response messages
• LMP message constraints
• Device features
• Feature definitions
• Features mask definition
• LM interoperability policy
• Procedure rules
• Connection control
• Security
• Informational requests
• Role switch
• Modes of operation
• Logical transports
• Test mode
• Summary
• PDU summary
• Parameter definitions
• Default values



Host controller interface (HCI)

• Lower layers of the IEEE - software stack
• Overview of host controller transport
• Overview of commands and events
• Generic events
• Device setup
• Controller flow control
• Controller information
• Controller configuration
• Device discovery
• Connection setup
• Remote information
• Synchronous connections
• Connection state
• Piconet structure
• QoS
• Physical links
• Host flow control
• Link information
• Authentication and encryption
• Testing
• Alphabetical list of commands and events
• HCI flow control
• Host-to-controller data flow control
• Controller-to-host data flow control
• Disconnection behavior
• Command flow control
• Command error handling
• HCI data formats
• Introduction
• Data and parameter formats
• Connection handles
• Exchange of HCI-specific information
• HCI configuration parameters



Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)

• LCAP features
• Assumptions
• Scope
• Terminology
• General operation
• Channel identifiers (CIDs)
• Operation between devices
• Operation between layers
• Modes of operation
• Data packet format
• Connection-oriented channel in basic LCAP mode
• Connectionless data channel in basic LCAP mode
• Connection-oriented channel in retransmission/flow control modes



Signaling packet formats

• Configuration parameter options
• MTU option
• Flush timeout option
• QoS option
• Retransmission and flow control option
• State machine
• General rules for the state machine
• Timers events
• General procedures
• Configuration process
• Fragmentation and recombination
• Encapsulation of SDUs
• Delivery of erroneous LCAP SDUS
• Operation with flushing
• Connectionless data channel
• Procedures for flow control and retransmission
• Information retrieval
• Function of PDU types for flow control and retransmission
• Variables and SEQNs
• Retransmission mode
• Flow control mode
• Configuration MSCs



Bluetooth Security

• Security overview
• Random number generation
• Key management
• Key types
• Key generation and initialization
• Encryption
• Encryption key size negotiation
• Encryption of broadcast messages
• Encryption concept
• Encryption algorithm
• LFSR initialization
• Key stream sequence
• Authentication
• Repeated attempts
• The authentication and key-generating functions
• The authentication function E
• The functions Ar and A'r
• E-key generation function for authentication
• E-key generation function for encryption
• Configuring Bluetooth Security



Overview of Bluetooth Smart (Low Energy) features

• Active slaves
• Application throughput
• Basic Rate and Low Energy
• Regulatory aspects
• Combined Core Configuration
• Distance/Range
• Electrostatic discharge
• Ultra-low peak
• Frequency band
• Frequency tolerance
• Immunity tests
• Latency (from a non-connected state)
• Cost
• Maximum conducted output power
• Modulation
• Multi-vendor interoperability
• Network topology
• Over the air data rate
• Peak current consumption
• Power consumption
• Power spectral density
• Primary use cases
• Profile concept
• RF electromagnetic field
• Robustness
• Security
• Service discovery
• Spurious conducted emissions



Bluetooth Low Energy Protocols

• Physical Layer
• Link Layer
• Enhancements to HCI for Low Energy
• Direct Test Mode
• Security and AES Encryption
• Enhancements to L2CAP for Low Energy
• Enhancements to GAP for Low Energy
• Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) & Services

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