Nex-G Innovations

The objective of the SDH SONET Training & Certification program is to provide participants with a thorough understanding of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) technologies, including their architecture, functionality, and applications in modern telecommunications. The training covers key concepts such as multiplexing, signal transmission, network design, and management, as well as the differences and interoperability between SDH and SONET. Participants will learn about the configuration, monitoring, and troubleshooting of SDH/SONET equipment and networks, enabling them to effectively deploy and maintain high-performance optical networks. This program is designed for telecom engineers, network professionals, and technicians seeking to enhance their skills in SDH and SONET technologies.

Code: NES_SK_1301

Duration: 40 Hrs / 4 Weeks / Customized

Mode: Corporate (Instructor Led - Online / Offline / Onsite), Individual (Instructor Led - Online / Offline)

+91-8826900551

• Digital Network Synchronization
• Network Timing and Synchronization Concepts
• PDH Relationships and Network Elements
• Frequency Justification
• Limitations of PDH

SONET/SDH: Protocols and Concepts

• Benefits and Features of SONET/SDH
• Evolution from PDH to SONET/SDH Plesiochronous Networks
• Building-Block Signals
• Unifying SONET and SDH
• Frame Structures
• Overhead Functions
• SONET/SDH Rates and Architectures
• Details of Pointer Processing
• Pointer Adjustment, Positive and Negative Justification
• Pointer Errors

SONET/SDH Path Overhead and Payload Mappings

• Compare and Contrast STS-1 SPE and AU-3
• Compare and Contrast STS-3c SPE and AU-4
• DS-3 Mapping into STS-1 SPE and VC-3
• E-4 Mapping into STS-3c SPE and VC-4 TUG-3 and TU-3
• Virtual Tributary / Tributary Unit Group
• Pointers and Payload Mappings
• Tandem Connections
• ATM Cell Mapping
• Packet over SONET Mapping
• 10G Ethernet over SONET
• Limitations of Octet HDLC in High Bit Error Ratio (BER) Environments
• Simplified Data Link (SDL) Protocol

SONET/SDH Network Elements and Applications

• Terminal Multiplexers (TMs)
• Functional Block Diagram of TMs
• Automatic Protection Switching (APS)
• APS Details
• Linear APS, 1+1, 1:n, 1:1, Bidirectional, and Unidirectional
• Revertive and Non-Revertive
• Meaning and Operation of K1 and K2 Bytes
• Add/Drop Multiplexers (ADMs)
• Functional Block Diagram of ADMs
• Types of Rings, Ring and Span APS
• UPSR and BLSR, MS-USHR, Virtual Rings, SNCP, MS-SP Ring, and MS-DP Ring
• Limitations of TDM Rings and Methods to Resolve Them
• Digital Cross-Connects (DCCs)
• The Role DCCs in Rings, Meshes, and Virtual Rings
• Next Generation Digital Loop Carrier (NGDLC)
• Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexers (DSLAMs)
• SONET/SDH Interfaces on Switches and Routers

Synchronizing SDH and SONET

• Evolution of Timing and Synchronization
• Virtual Container
• Regenerator Section Overhead
• Multiplex Section Overhead
• Higher-Order Path Overhead (VC-4/VC-3)
• Lower-Order Path Overhead (VC-2/VC-1)
• Anomalies, Defects, Failures, and Alarms
• Error Performance Monitoring
• Pointers
• Payload Pointers
• Positive Pointer Justification
• Negative Pointer Justification

SONET/SDH Multiplexing

• SDH Tributary Multiplexing
• Tributary Unit Group TU Multiframe
• TU Payload Pointer Automatic Protection Switching
• Multiplex Section Protection, K1/K2 Bytes
• 1+1 Protection 1:N Protection
• SONET/SDH Telecommunications Standard Primer
• SONET/SDH Multiplexing
• SONET/SDH Signal Hierarchy
• Network Generic Applications
• Network Generic Applications: Equipment and Uses
• Cross-Connect Types
• Trends in Deployment
• Network Design
• SDH Timing Compensation
• SDH Network Management
• SDH Performance Monitoring
• SDH Synchronization